Citation
Risk, J., Tung, S.N., Wang, T.H. “Pricing and Hedging for Liquidity Provision in Constant Function Market Making.” arXiv:2603.01344v1 [q-fin.MF] (Mar 2, 2026).
Core Contribution
Develops a canonical mathematical framework for CFMMs using price and intrinsic liquidity as coordinates (instead of token reserves). This enables:
- Dimensional consistency across all CFMM bonding functions (Uniswap v2/v3, Balancer, Curve)
- Streamlined approach to arbitrage-free pricing, delta hedging, and risk management
Key Technical Results
Intrinsic Liquidity
- A single coordinate that works across all bonding curves
- Asset reserves and value functions are linearly dependent on intrinsic liquidity
- This linear structure makes pricing, hedging, and risk management tractable
Impermanent Loss as Options Strip
- Characterizes IL using the Carr-Madan spanning formula
- IL = weighted strip of vanilla options
- Defines a fine-grained implied volatility structure for liquidity profiles
- Enables fair value pricing of LP positions as derivatives
Path-Dependent Analysis via Last-Passage Time
- IL is path-dependent under concentrated liquidity (Uniswap v3)
- Last-passage time framework provides the correct characterization
Empirical Validation
- Uniswap v3 ETH/USDC pools + Deribit option markets
- Confirmed volatility smile consistent with crypto-asset dynamics
- Validates the implied volatility framework for LP risk-neutral pricing
Relevance to MEV
This paper provides the mathematical foundation for understanding LP profitability — which directly affects:
- LVR mitigation design: knowing the exact IL/LVR as an options strip enables better hedging strategies
- PropAMM valuation: the intrinsic liquidity framework applies to PropAMMs with oracle-updated prices
- MEV protection economics: quantifying LP losses enables rational comparison of MEV protection costs vs. benefits
LVR vs. IL Distinction
This paper focuses on IL (path-independent per-position measure). The related LVR metric (introduced by Milionis et al.) is path-dependent and better captures the ongoing cost to LPs from arbitrage. The intrinsic liquidity framework connects both.
Related Pages
- Arbitrage: CEX-DEX and AMM Arb — LVR as the LP cost of CEX-DEX arb
- PropAMMs: Proportional AMMs and On-Chain Market Making — PropAMMs eliminating LVR
- Paper: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model for Automated Market Makers — Dynamic equilibrium model for AMMs